Best Encephalitis Doctors in Lucknow

Types/Stages of Encephalitis

Encephalitis can be divided into two main categories:

• Primary Encephalitis: This refers to a direct infection in the brain caused by a virus, bacteria, or fungus through the bloodstream or direct invasion from a nearby infection. Depending on the causative organism, specific specialists in neurological infectious disease would manage this type of encephalitis.

• Secondary Encephalitis: This develops as a complication of a viral infection where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells. It is often seen following infections like measles, mumps, or influenza.

Symptoms of Encephalitis

The symptoms of encephalitis can vary significantly depending on the affected area of the brain. However, common symptoms include:

• Persistent headaches

• Sensitivity to light

• A stiff neck

• Mental confusion and changes in personality

• Severe fatigue and decreased energy levels

• In infants, a bulging fontanel (the soft spot on top of the baby's head) and constant crying are typical symptoms.
  
  The symptoms can rapidly deteriorate, leading to seizures, loss of consciousness, and coma in severe cases.

Tests to Diagnose Encephalitis

To diagnose the condition, specialists for encephalitis treatment may recommend various tests, including:

• Lumbar Puncture: A sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected from the spinal column to test for signs of infection, inflammation, and other abnormalities.

• Blood tests: These can help identify the causative organism, such as viruses or bacteria and assess the patient's overall health.

• Electroencephalogram (EEG): This test records electrical activity in the brain and can detect abnormalities.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This imaging test can show detailed images of the brain, helping to identify inflammation, swelling, or lesions associated with encephalitis.

Treatment or Surgery Options for Encephalitis at Apollo Hospitals, Lucknow

The treatment for encephalitis at Apollo Hospitals focuses on managing the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms. The options include:

• Antiviral Medications: Medications like acyclovir or ganciclovir may be prescribed to treat viral encephalitis.

• Antibiotics or Antifungal Medications: These are used for bacterial or fungal infections respectively.

• Steroids: Corticosteroids such as dexamethasone may be used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the brain.

• Supportive Care: This includes administering intravenous (IV) fluids to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance, analgesics for pain management, antipyretics to control fever, and oxygen therapy if needed.

• Surgery: In severe cases where medication is ineffective, surgical intervention such as a craniotomy may be required to relieve pressure inside the skull. With a team of top-notch experts such as specialists in neurological encephalitis and state-of-the-art facilities, Apollo Hospitals in Lucknow ensures patients receive the best possible care.