Best Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Doctors in Chennai

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a critical condition that arises when internal bleeding occurs within the subarachnoid space, located between the brain and the thin membranes that cover it. The predominant cause is a ruptured brain aneurysm, accounting for up to 80% of cases. Other triggers can include significant head trauma or vascular malformations known as arteriovenous malformations. The immediate consequences can be severe, resulting in a sudden, harsh headache, and a considerable drop in consciousness and alertness.

In the culturally rich city of Chennai, residents seek out the best doctors for subarachnoid haemorrhage treatment. The occurrence of SAH in Chennai is much like other major cities in India, with ruptured aneurysms being one of the significant causes. Fortunately, Apollo Hospitals Chennai have some of the best subarachnoid haemorrhage specialists and neurosurgeons who provide world-class treatment.

Types/Stages of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Based on its histopathology, SAH can present in two primary forms:

• Saccular Aneurysm: This is an abnormal pouch-like protrusion arising from a vascular bifurcation or the side of a vessel. It often exhibits an irregular shape.

• Fusiform Aneurysm: This is represented by a dilated, pathological increase in vessel calibre that does not form a separate saccular pouch.

Symptoms of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

The symptoms associated with SAH can be sudden and severe:

• A sudden and crippling 'thunderclap' headache

• Nausea coupled with vomiting

• Distinct neck stiffness

• Decreased consciousness and alertness

• Seizures and sensitivity to light

• Double vision

• Confusion and difficulties with concentration

Tests to Diagnose Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

To diagnose SAH, several tests are employed by doctors for subarachnoid haemorrhage treatment:

• Neurological Examination: Assessing for signs of meningeal irritation, focal neurological deficits, and level of consciousness.

• History and Physical Examination: Including detailed history of symptoms, risk factors (such as hypertension or family history of aneurysms), and medications.

• Urgent Non-Contrast Computed Tomography(CT) Scan of the Head: This gives a quick and detailed image of the brain.

• Lumbar Puncture: Performed when a CT scan is negative but suspicion remains high, this test checks for the presence of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid.

• CT Angiography or Digital Subtraction Angiography: These imaging tests are used to identify the source of bleeding.

Treatment or Surgery Options for Subarachnoid Haemorrhage at Apollo Hospitals Chennai

At Apollo Hospitals Chennai, several treatment options guided by subarachnoid haemorrhage specialists are available for SAH which may include:

• Medications: Drugs are given to control blood pressure and prevent vasospasm, a complication where blood vessels go into spasms and potentially cause a stroke.

• Endovascular Coiling: This minimally invasive procedure involves inserting a catheter into an artery, guiding it to the aneurysm and deploying soft platinum coils to secure it.

• Flow Diversion: Advanced endovascular technique involving the placement of a stent-like device (flow diverter) across the neck of the aneurysm to divert blood flow away from the aneurysm sac, promoting thrombosis and preventing rupture.

• Surgical Clipping: This involves placing a metal clip around the neck of the aneurysm to stop the bleeding.

• Drainage of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid: This is done to reduce pressure within the brain.