Kidney cancer is an abnormal  growth of cells in the kidneys. It occurs when cells in the kidneys grow out of control, forming a tumour. It's most common in people over 65 and is twice as likely to affect men than women.

Symptoms:

• Blood in urine (hematuria)
• Persistent pain in the side or lower back
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever not caused by infection
• High blood pressure that's difficult to control

Diagnostic Approaches:

• Physical examination and medical history review
• Blood and urine tests to check kidney function
• Imaging studies like CT scans, MRI, or ultrasound
• Kidney biopsy in some cases to confirm diagnosis

Treatment Options:

• Surgery (partial or radical nephrectomy)
• Ablation therapies for small tumours
• Targeted drug therapies
• Immunotherapy
• Radiation therapy in certain cases

Follow-up Care:

• Regular imaging scans to monitor for recurrence
• Blood tests to check kidney function
• Management of side effects from treatment
• Lifestyle modifications to reduce risk factors