Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It originates in the tissues of the lungs, typically in the lining of the airways. Lung cancer is classified into different types based on the cells in which it develops, and early detection and treatment are critical for improving survival rates.

Types of Lung Cancer

1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):

• Accounts for about 85% of lung cancers.

• Includes the following subtypes:

• Adenocarcinoma:

• Most common type, often found in the outer parts of the lung.

• More common in non-smokers.

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma:

• Arises in the central parts of the lungs near the bronchi.

• Strongly linked to smoking.

• Large Cell Carcinoma:

• A rare type that can occur anywhere in the lungs and tends to grow and spread quickly.

2. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC):

• Represents about 10–15% of lung cancers.

• Also called oat cell cancer, it grows and spreads more rapidly than NSCLC.

• Almost exclusively associated with heavy smoking.

3. Other Types:

• Rare forms like lung carcinoid tumors (neuroendocrine tumors) and mesothelioma, which is associated with asbestos exposure.
 

Risk Factors
 

1. Smoking:

• The leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for approximately 80–90% of cases.

• Includes active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.

2. Environmental and Occupational Exposure:

• Radon gas: A naturally occurring radioactive gas.

• Asbestos: Common in occupational settings, linked to mesothelioma.

• Exposure to arsenic, diesel exhaust, and other carcinogens.

3. Air Pollution:

• Long-term exposure to polluted air increases lung cancer risk.

4. Genetic Factors:

• A family history of lung cancer can increase susceptibility.

5. Radiation Exposure:

• Previous radiation therapy to the chest.

6. Underlying Lung Disease:

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis.

Symptoms

Lung cancer symptoms often appear in advanced stages and may include:

• Persistent cough that worsens over time.

• Blood in sputum (hemoptysis).

• Chest pain or discomfort.

• Shortness of breath or wheezing.

• Hoarseness of voice.

• Unintended weight loss and fatigue.

• Recurrent respiratory infections like pneumonia or bronchitis.

Advanced Symptoms:

• Bone pain (if cancer spreads to the bones).

• Neurological symptoms (e.g., headache, seizures, or weakness) if it spreads to the brain.

Diagnosis

Our diagnostic process utilizes advanced technologies including:

• Screening using low dose CT scan
• 64 SLICE- PET CT scan systems
• PET MRI for precise staging
• Molecular profiling for targeted therapy selection
• Minimally invasive biopsy procedures

Treatments 

Global treatment standards for lung cancer have evolved significantly, and Apollo stays at the forefront of these advancements. Treatment at Apollo integrates multiple modalities based on individual patient needs:

Surgical Innovations:

• Minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)
• Robotic surgery using the da Vinci system
• Precision resection techniques
• Complex reconstructive procedures

Advanced Radiation Therapy:

The integration of proton therapy has revolutionized lung cancer treatment by:

• Delivering precise radiation doses to tumors while sparing healthy lung tissue
• Reducing radiation exposure to the heart
• Enabling treatment of previously challenging cases
• Improving outcomes for patients with limited lung function

Proton therapy in lung cancer treatment has revolutionized our approach, particularly for:

• Tumors near critical organs 
• Cases requiring re-radiation
• Patients with limited lung function
• Early-stage lung cancers where surgery isn't optimal

Prevention

1. Avoid Smoking:

• The single most effective prevention strategy.

• Includes quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke.

2. Minimize Exposure to Carcinogens:

• Test for radon in homes and workplaces.

• Use protective measures in occupational settings.

3. Healthy Lifestyle:

• Regular exercise and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

• Avoid air pollution when possible.

4. Regular Screening:

• Low-Dose CT Scans for high-risk individuals (e.g., heavy smokers over 50).