Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts (small sacs of fluid) to grow in the kidneys. These cysts can interfere with kidney function and cause kidney failure. It can lead to enlarged kidneys and impaired function over time. It’s important to note that individual kidney cysts are fairly common and almost always harmless. Polycystic kidney disease is a distinct more serious condition. As the disease advances, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.

Symptoms:

• High blood pressure
• Back or side pain
• Blood in urine
• Kidney stones
• Enlarged abdomen
• Headaches
• Urinary tract infections

Diagnostic Approaches:

• Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize kidney cysts
• Genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of PKD
• Blood tests to assess kidney function
• Urinalysis to check for blood or protein in urine

Treatment Options:

• Blood pressure control with ACE inhibitors or ARBs
• Pain management
• Treatment of urinary tract infections
• Tolvaptan to slow cyst growth in some patients
• Dialysis or kidney transplant in advanced stages

Follow-up Care:

• Regular monitoring of kidney function and cyst growth
• Blood pressure management
• Screening for complications such as aneurysms
• Genetic counseling for family members
• Lifestyle modifications, including a low-salt diet and adequate hydration